现在分词做定语与动名词做定语的区别 (1)动名词作定语,说明动名词和被修饰语是“目的或用途的关系”; 现在分词作定语,说明被修饰语和现在分词是“主谓关系”。 (2)现在分词短语作定语,都是置于被修饰语之后。单个的现在分词作定语跟动名词作定语,一般都置于被修饰词之前。 (3)动名词做定语,表示物体的用途。动名词一般为名词性,很少做定语,一般都是几种特殊的情 况,在这些地方动名词无一例外的用来表示所修饰名词的用途, 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句。 参考资料:百度百科—动名词 百度百科—现在分词
动名词作定语时,在句子中通常有两个位置:如果是单个的动名词作定语,常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语;如果是动名词短语作定语,则放在被修饰名词的后面,作后置定语。 1.动名词作定语,说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。 They set up an operating table. 他们搭起一个手术台。 2.动名词作定语,表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系,并且表示动作正在进行。 There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。 Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁? 3.有些动名词已经转化成了形容词,常用作定语修饰物,表示“令人……”:exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。 That must be a terrifying experience. 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。 The experiment was an amazing success. 那实验是一个惊人的成功。 注意:如果动名词与被修饰词之间是被动关系,就要用它的被动式being done,通常表示正在被做,常作后置定语。 The tall building being built now is our new school. 正在被修建的那建筑是我们的新学校。 That question being discussed was presented by the headmaster. 正在被讨论的那个问题是校长提出来的。
动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。